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由国家发展和改革委员会，中国第一个“家庭电器及电子产品废料回收条例”，起草经过几年的审查和修订已进入审批阶段，预计将于今年正式通过和执行。 “条例草案规定”，家电经销商和售后服务机构对废物的家电回收的责任，如果我不接受或拒绝消费者生产者委托销售二手家电，以及回收利用设备所使用的非商业交易的支付与治疗，以10万元的最高罚款。
据有关部门统计，中国平均每年终了生活冰箱4000000台湾五百万台电视机，洗衣机600.00万台，除了近500万台电脑进入淘汰期，作为整个市场的规模很大作为一个千亿。然而，市场的废家电市场数百亿元的规模，是家电行业，缺乏监督，同居突出领域。对资源的回收和再利用设备所使用的，已成为家电行业面临的重要问题之一。增加在市场竞争中，产品越来越小，利润率，就必须与企业的钱进行处理的善后工作难度可想而知大。

这种同居的地位带来的不仅是正规厂家的直接后果是在恢复对环境面临巨大压力，造成不可弥补的损害。因此，目前应该在二手家电市场的管理，相关法律法规，加强尽快加以引导和规范。

公司提出，“条例”最终确定，如当事方的设备生产商，经销商和服务机构应承担的用于家电回收相应的责任，而是具体，责任的比例，而不是改进。一方面是要规范家庭废弃电器回收市场，引导消费者的消费好主意，发展他们的环保意识和社会责任;另一方面，必须明确制造商，零售企业和消费者处置设备所使用的义务。如果这三方的责任和义务不明确，那么“条例”将实施没有多大的意义。

收回的资金来自

据消息人士透露，尽管该国已经成立，设立废物处理设备的专项资金回收，但资金的收集，使用和管理的做法，将财政部，国家发展和改革部委员会另行制定，家电生产商也可以使用一些专项资金，提升产品的技术尚不得而知，因此，需要处理的“条例”将进行最大的短板资金被追回。

要解决的康复治疗中存在的各种问题，经济政策已成为当务之急。有了足够的资金，正规企业是不是对回收的问题，处理将不会出现在二次污染的过程中，所有问题都可以迎刃而解。然而，资金从何而来？如果全部承担，由企业利润的家庭企业，电器，最终一定会转嫁给消费者。如果政府补贴，补贴多少？哪些企业可以享受？如何建立回收系统？这些都成为各方都关注的问题。

的中国家用电器协会副秘书长说，徐从管理和成本的角度来看，中国的成本比欧洲和日本低，回收处理，废物通过废弃物质的家电销售处理厂可以填补回收和修理费用。但是，从执行的角度来看，建立废物家电处理体系缺少资金支持，很难让生产商和经销商自觉地投入。废物回收是注定要家用电器和工业规模的道路，只有规模，我们可以降低成本，确保信息来源，只有工业化渠道和管理机制合理回收，我们可以更好地生产服务。所有这一切，但是，前提不仅是政策到位，更重要的是，资金支持。

据介绍，青岛，杭州作为全国第一个试点城市在尝试电子废物回收铅，国家还要采取了回收使用的家用电器业务开始规划，在财政方面的条件电子垃圾回收企业有很多补贴，如债券，建厂可用于操作相当长的时间来执行税收政策。这些在很大程度上非正式回收系统的行动减少了对中国的整个生产系统的准入门槛，建立和不断改进奠定了良好的基础。此外，“上海旧电脑及电器回收规定的期间的规定（草案）”已经超出了家庭使用的电器将强制退休，政府将给予所有者30〜50元/台的经济补偿。有关设备的维修人员负责华人协会说，使用的设备发挥当地政府的循环，如财政支持和财政补贴的使用方面发挥重要作用。上海市委，政府将是一个有力地推动废物回收电器，但仍然太少补偿。

业内人士指出，中国的废旧家电大量如此艰巨的任务无法单独完成一个试验项目，需要动员全社会的力量共同努力数量。尽管仍然面临着许多困难，但“条例”肯定会后支持的措施，并颁布的规则公布了一个又一个，这不可避免地会带来整个行业的变化发展。

此外，该设备将实施逐步回收的原则，电视机，电冰箱，洗衣机，空调，电脑5类产品已包括在第一批恢复目录，在“条例”在对颁布实施的生效日期。作为废物的家庭在很多方面比较涉及家用电器的治疗效果，情况比较复杂，我们的工业基础不足，必须从试点开始通过试验回收家居废物，探讨成立家电使用的系统设备及电子产品回收处理模式。

目前，浙江省省，浙江省宣布第一家电和电子产品废料回收试验的方法，初步建立了杭州及周边地区，包括四种渠道，36个回收站点恢复系统恢复。 4个通道的家庭主要的销售渠道回收，社区回收网络渠道电器，政府机构，企业和机构，如政府采购渠道回收单位，以及在生产过程中产生的角落家电制造商比预期的复苏渠道。

在该条例的执行上的困难

的业内人士指出，“条例”是指引进，电子废物回收业将告别无序状态。然而，家用电器回收废物与治疗的复杂性，一个家庭的废物循环型社会的家电处理涉及的群体，另一个是废物，家电回收逆向治疗（从分散到集中）供应链，三收费在技术上是困难，4个与环境保护和市场的双重特征废物回收处理设备。因此，即使在欧洲，家电废物处理也仍处于不断改善的阶段，我国的特殊情况，使法律和其他国家的法规和经验无法复制。因此，家电处理废物的处理问题，面临着更多的问题。

“条例”将用于回收和处理设备，以确定为主线的生产者责任制度，但生产商目前生产出了产品销售的利润已微操作，这与处理为链接基金，收集方法，收集的线路，如何使用和非常关注的监察工作。首先，废物生产者电器回收设施建设的投入成本非常大，而且经济复苏的周期较长，一台冰箱回收在欧洲的生产上述二百万欧元报价行，很明显，企业在复苏初步治疗后不到利润。目前，青岛，浙江等地的试点单位的情况并不十分理想，需要花钱购买电子垃圾，在材料成本太高，一个废弃冰箱企业收购试点单位花了将近100元，而在国外都是免费回收免费。

第二，中国的回收处理厂式的模式尚未形成，以及高科技的治疗康复，完全符合昂贵的引进，不仅不符合对中国的国情，而且会带来巨大的经营成本。即使从国外花了技术引进的高价格，但无法实现由于设备所使用的有效回收，也会导致设备闲置时间。在植物的进程，需要开发和引进技术？如何进行回收？建设许多大型污水处理厂等，是不是把现成的模式，而且还探索建立多的需要。

又一现状不容忽视的是，最重要的二手家用电器市场产生的废物流。说白了，越旧电器回收后，维修容易出售二手电器消费者，而不是进中学原材料出售给相关企业分解处理。即使政府设立回收系统，但仍不能转化为市场短期的小家电回收车间的入侵大量。由于正规处置单位必须考虑安全再利用，有必要在该国支付较高的环境成本没有根据小贩与小企业的前提足够的激励政策，在竞争的起跑线，将失去。

业内人士指出，这些过时的电子产品并不是一堆废铜烂铁，有巨大的市场机遇。每年只CRT玻璃材料，将有大约10万吨的回收量，这么多对这个肥肉公司看中。但由于非正规康复治疗，因为制造商的技术人员和技术设备，放置在废物处理，当不上生产的废水电器，有效及环保处理废渣和电子产品含有大量有毒物质，如果处理不能很好处理，其危害更直接消瘦更为显着。

Mandatory recycling of used appliances difficulties facing multiple barriers to

Drafted by the National Development and Reform Commission, China’s first “home appliances and electronic products scrap recycling regulations”, after several years of review and amendment has entered the approval phase, expected to be formally adopted this year, and enforcement. “Regulations” of the draft provisions, household appliance dealers and after-sales service institutions have an obligation to recycling of waste household electric appliances, if I do not accept or reject the producers commissioned consumers sell used home appliances, as well as the recycling of used appliances for non-payment of business deal with the treatment, punishable by a maximum fine of 10 million.
According to statistics from related departments, China’s average annual end-of-life refrigerators 4000000 Taiwan 5000000 Taiwan TV, washing machines 6000000 Taiwan, in addition to nearly 500 million units into the computer-out period, the entire size of the market as much as a hundred billion. However, the size of the market with hundreds of billion of waste household electrical appliance market is the home appliance industry, the lack of supervision, a prominent area of cohabitation. Of used appliances for recycling and reuse of resources has become a household electrical appliance industry is facing one of the important issues. Increasing competition in the market, the product is getting smaller and smaller profit margins, it is necessary to deal with corporate money to carry out the recovery work can imagine how difficult large.

the status of such cohabitation was brought about by a direct consequence of not only the regular manufacturers are facing in the recovery enormous pressure on the environment and caused irreparable damage. Therefore, the current should be strengthened on the second-hand household electrical appliances market management, relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible to be guided and norms.

companies have proposed, “Regulations” ultimately defined the appliance producers, distributors and service agencies such as the parties should bear the recovery of used home appliances corresponding responsibility, but specifically, the proportion of responsibility and not refined. On the one hand is necessary to regulate the recycling of discarded household electrical appliances market, and guide consumers consumption good idea, to develop their environmental awareness and social responsibility; On the other hand, must be clear manufacturers, retail businesses and consumers to dispose of used appliances obligations. If this tripartite responsibilities and obligations is not clear, then the “Regulations” will be implemented without much significance.

recovery of funds come from

According to sources, although the country has been established to set up waste treatment appliance recycling of special funds, but funds the collection, use and management practices will be the Ministry of Finance and National Development and Reform Commission to be enacted separately, household appliances producers also have access to some special funds to upgrade the technology is not yet known, therefore, recovery of funds needed to deal with a “Bill” will be to carry out the largest short-board.

want to solve the recovery treatment that exist in a variety of issues, economic policy has become a top priority. With enough funds, informal enterprises is not a problem on the recovery, processing will not appear in the course of secondary pollution, and all problems can be overcome. However, the funds come from? If borne entirely by the enterprise, for profit enterprises of household electrical appliances, and ultimately will definitely be transferred to consumers. If the government subsidies, how subsidies? What are the enterprises can enjoy? How to set up recycling system? All of these have become parties to have concern.

deputy secretary general of China Household Electrical Appliances Association, said Xu, from the management and cost perspective, China’s handling of cost recovery than Europe and Japan, low, waste treatment plant through the sale of home appliances discarded material can fill the recovery and repair costs. However, from the implementation point of view, set up waste treatment system for home appliances lack of funding support, it is difficult to allow manufacturers and dealers input consciously. Waste recycling is destined to go home appliances and industrial scale of the road, only the scale, we can reduce costs, ensure that sources of information; only industrialization, with a reasonable recovery of channels and management mechanism, we can better manufacture Service . All this, however, the premise is not only a policy in place, and more importantly, funding support.

According to introduction, Qingdao and Hangzhou as the first pilot city in the country a lead in trying to e-waste recycling, the country would also like to take the start of the recycling of used appliances operational planning, in terms of financial aspects of electronic garbage recycling business a lot of subsidies, such as bonds and build factories can be used in the operation quite a long time to implement tax policy. These initiatives to a large extent informal recycling system reduces the access threshold for China’s entire manufacturing system set up and continuous improvement has laid a good foundation. In addition, the “Shanghai WEEE recycling Provisions (Draft)” in the provisions of the period has exceeded the use of household electrical appliances will be a mandatory retirement, the Government will give the owner of 30 ~ 50 Yuan / Taiwan economic compensation. The Chinese Association of the relevant appliance repair person in charge said that the local government recycling of used appliances play an important role, such as the use of financial support and financial subsidies. Shanghai Municipal Government would be a strong impetus to the recovery of waste electrical appliances, but still too little compensation.

industry pointed out that China’s large number of discarded home appliances, such an arduous task alone are unable to complete a number of pilot projects, the need to mobilize all social forces to work together. Although still faced with many difficulties, but the “Regulations” will certainly have after the announcement of supporting the implementation of measures and rules promulgated one after another, which inevitably will bring about development of the whole industry change.

In addition, the appliances will be implemented step by step recovery principles, television sets, refrigerators, washing machines, air-conditioning, five types of computer products have been included in the first batch of the recovery catalog, in the “Regulations” the effective date of the promulgation of the implementation of . As a result of treatment of waste household appliances involved in many aspects of comparison, the situation is more complicated, our lack of industrial base, must be started from the pilot through the pilot waste home appliances recycling system set up to explore the used home appliances and electronic products recycling mode of treatment.

At present, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province has announced the first home appliance and electronic products scrap recycling pilot approach, the initial establishment of a for Hangzhou and the surrounding areas, including the recovery of four kinds of channels, 36 recovery site recovery system. 4 channels are household electrical appliances major sales channels for recycling, the community recycling network channels, government agencies, enterprises and institutions such as government procurement channels recovery units, as well as home appliance manufacturers in the production process resulting corner than expected recovery channels.

difficulties in the implementation of the Ordinance

the industry pointed out that the “Regulations” means the introduction, electronic waste recycling industry will bid farewell to a state of disorder. However, recycling of waste household appliances with the complexity of treatment, one treatment of waste home appliances recycling society involves a number of groups, and the other is for the treatment of waste home appliances recycling reverse (from decentralized to centralized) supply chain, three charges are technically difficult, and four are Waste recovery appliances with environmental protection and treatment of the dual characteristics of the market. Therefore, even in Europe, the treatment of waste home appliances are also still in the stage of continuous improvement, and the special circumstances of our country makes the laws and regulations in other countries and experience can not be copied. Therefore, domestic appliances deal with the issue of waste is faced with more problems.

“Bill” will be used appliances for recycling and treatment in order to determine the producer responsibility system for the main line, but the producer is currently producing more than the product sold, the profits have been in micro-operation, which deal with funds for the link, the collection methods, the collection of lines, how to use and very concerned about the supervision. First of all, the producers of waste electrical recycling facilities construction input costs is very large, and also a longer recovery cycle, a refrigerator recycling production line in Europe in the quotation above two million euros, it is apparent that enterprises in the recovery of the initial treatment was less than profit. At present, Qingdao, Zhejiang and other places the situation of experimental units are not very ideal, experimental units required to spend money to buy e-waste, resulting in material costs too high, the acquisition of a discarded refrigerator enterprises spend nearly 100 yuan, while in foreign countries are free of charge recovery.

Secondly, the Chinese-style model of recovery treatment plants have not yet formed, and the recovery of high-technology treatment, completely not in line with the introduction of expensive not only to China’s national conditions, but they will also bring enormous operating costs. Even from abroad to spend the high price of the introduction of technology, but can not be achieved due to effective recycling of used appliances, would also lead to idle time of equipment. In the plant process which required the development and introduction of technology? How to carry out recycling? Build many large-scale treatment plants and so on, are not off-the-shelf model, but also to explore the need for a multi.

yet another status quo should not be ignored is that most of the flow of waste products of second-hand household electrical appliances market. Put it plainly, the more the old electrical recovery after the repair was easy to sell second-hand electrical consumers, rather than processed into secondary raw material decomposition sold to related companies. Even if the Government set up a recycling system, but still can not change the short term a large number of small household electrical appliance recycling workshop on intrusion into the market. Due to the informal disposition of units must be considered safe re-use, it is necessary to pay higher environmental costs in the country do not have enough incentive policies under the premise of hawkers with small business to compete in a starting line, will lose.

industry pointed out that these obsolete electronic products is not a pile of junk metal, there is tremendous market opportunity. Only CRT glass materials per year will have about 100,000 tons of recycling capacity, so many companies eye on this piece of fat meat. However, due to the recovery of irregular treatment manufacturers because technical personnel and technical equipment in place, in the processing of waste electrical appliances when not on the production of wastewater, waste residue for effective and environmentally friendly treatment, and the electronic products contain large amounts of toxic substances, if the processing Can not a very good deal, and its hazards even more directly to waste away even more significant. (07-11-5)

Tags: appliances, recovery, recycling, waste