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中国的钢产量已超过400万吨，接近500万吨，居世界第一，但整体的角度来看，我国成为“钢铁强国”还有一定的差距。特别是在质量上仍然有一些问题要解决，我们的国家可以被称为“铁强。”产品标准体系

问题

中国到2006年，钢铁行业，国家标准年底，行业标准的总数超过1800，侧重于国际标准和国外先进标准采用率所使用的标准达到67.9％。对建立市场的基本需求为导向，结构趋于标准化的产品合理的水平，逐步完善制度。然而，这些标准与国内和国际市场需求相比，仍有不少差距。主要钢种是小型，低指标，项目不全，不能满足客户的要求，包括明确的和潜在的需求。此外，国家标准和行业标准，国家研究所不能完全代替企业标准。企业标准应致力于他们的客户，满足客户个性化要求的标准。然而，我们的钢铁企业大部分还没有建立起一套完整的企业产品标准化体系，即使有些企业建立企业标准设置，其中许多是受技术指标，而不是向客户承诺产品特性。

例如，中国在每年的15％，模具行业近几年的增长速度，每年进口模具钢6万吨。原因之一是，我国模具钢标准的限制，合金工具钢，只有标准的一部分，没有独立的标准体系。在该国的标准只有几个钢种，而且还大大低于国外，产品特征少，没有外国全。客户使用的H13热作比较多的工作模具钢，中国的标准只规定了化学成分，硬度退火酸洗低倍，从瑞典或模具钢从日本进口的检测不仅提供化学成分，酸洗低倍，退火硬度测试数据，而且还提供了非金属夹杂物，冲击韧性，晶粒尺寸，退火及其他组织和带状结构的信息。企业，没有相应的标准，用户只能使用国家标准或行业标准的订单，这在很大程度上不能满足客户的使用要求。一般根据中国的H13钢生产的国家标准，模具制造，压铸模具的寿命只有3到500万美元，而进口模具钢H13的寿命寿命一般可达20万次。其他产品类似的现象还不同程度地存在。产品标准不应仅标志着开采率的追求，它应该考虑顾客满意率。设置可满足和超过了产品标准化系统（特别是企业标准），客户的要求，是加强钢铁其中一个重要条件。这部分主要是不锈钢带，不锈钢线材，冷轧钢辊涂，电力，锅炉板卷无缝钢管等。因此，这种钢材进口不仅是国内生产不能满足数量要求，更重要的是，良好的身体素质进口，规格没有外商独资。例如，高压锅炉管，目前中国的3000万的年需求量约40万吨。 （Φ159mm以下的基本上是，上述高Φ159mml中压锅炉管，供应国内一小部分，如的T91，内螺纹管，但对一些品种的供应数量不足是不完整的，如WB36，T/P23， ，吨/ P122等。特别是，如低电压Φ16mm× lmm不锈钢管，Φ16mm× 2mm的碳钢管高压加热器，Φ25mm× 0.5毫米〜0.7毫米× 1冷凝器缺乏规模小，用于不锈钢管或钛管等，对依赖进口的基本;Φ159mm〜以上的大口径管道大多数一千○六十〇毫米进口。

2006年，中国的不锈钢产量达530万吨。比日本多，排名世界第一。在2006年不锈钢的五百九十五点○万吨消费，而板带的净进口一四八零零零零吨。除了对质量求生存国内生产不锈钢200系列的问题，其他的存在系列的身体质量问题。除了表面质量，有害元素，腐蚀，不锈钢的工艺性能不稳定的问题。Cr13不锈钢低塑性，Cr17不锈钢成型差，400系列，氮，双相不锈钢仍处于发展阶段，在生产和在国际先进水平，并使用着明显的差距。

电工钢不仅国产数量不够（2006年95万吨，进口二十五万吨，其中取向硅钢），在种质量存在一定的差距。国外，以减少损失为核心，厚度薄趋于规范化，提高硅含量和磁畴精炼技术的应用，中国的生产取向硅钢，除了0.30毫米，越薄规格

Five major issues affect the quality of the “iron-power,” the process of

China’s steel production has more than 400 million tons, close to 500 million tons, ranking first in the world, but the whole point of view, our country to become a “steel power,” there is still a certain gap. Especially in terms of quality there is still some problems to solve, and our country can be called the “iron-strong.” Product Standard System

problem

China to the end of 2006, steel industry, national standards, industry-standard total more than 1800, focusing on the criterion used by international standards and foreign advanced standards adopting rate reached 67.9% . The basic needs of the establishment of market-oriented, structure tends to a reasonable level of product standardization and gradually improve the system. However, these standards compared with the domestic and international market demand, there are still many gaps. The main steel grade are small, low-indicators, the project was incomplete, can not meet the requirements of customers, including explicit and potential requirements. In addition, the National Institute of Standards and industry standards and can not completely replace the enterprise standard. Enterprise standards should be committed to their customers, to meet customer personalization required standards. However, the majority of our iron and steel enterprises have not established a complete enterprise product standardization system, even if some enterprises set up the enterprise standard, and many are bound by the technical indicators, rather than commitment to their customers product characteristics.

For example, China’s mold industry in recent years of 15% per annum growth rate each year from 60,000 tons imported die steel. One of the reasons is that our country has the limitations of standard die steel, alloy tool steel it is only part of the standard, there is no independent standard system. Standards in the country only a few steel grade, but also much less than foreign, product characteristics and no foreign-wide. Customers use a relatively large number of H13 Hot Work Die Steel, China’s standard only requires detection of chemical composition, macrostructure pickling, annealing hardness, from Sweden or the die steel imported from Japan provides not only chemical composition, macrostructure pickling, annealing hardness testing data, but also provide non-metallic inclusions, impact toughness, grain size, annealing and other organizations and the banded structure information. Business enterprise, there is no corresponding standard, customers can only use the national standard or industry-standard orders, which to a large extent can not meet the use requirements of customers. Generally based on national standards of China’s production of H13 steel, the manufacture of die-casting mold a life span of only 3 to 5 million, while imports of steel H13 Die Life expectancy of up to 200,000 times. Similar phenomenon in other products also exist to varying degrees. Product standards should not be marked only the pursuit of mining rate, it should consider the rate of customer satisfaction. Set up to meet and exceed customer requirements of product standardization system (especially the enterprise standard) is an important condition for strengthening the steel one.

product quality problems in kind

2006, China imported 10,000 tons of steel 185l, in which high value-added steel 13.37 million tons, accounting for 72.2 percent of the quantity of imports. This part is mainly stainless steel strip, stainless steel wire rod, cold rolled, steel roll coating, electrical and boiler plate roll seamless steel pipes and so on. Therefore, the import of such steel is not only domestic production can not meet the requirements of quantity and, more importantly, the physical quality of imported good, specifications have not wholly foreign. For example, high-pressure boiler tubes, at present China’s annual demand of 30 million to around 400,000 tons. (Φ159mm below has basically made, Φ159mml above high-pressure boiler tubes to supply the domestic one small part, such as T91, internally ribbed tube, but in the number of inadequate supply of some varieties was incomplete, such as WB36, T/P23, T / P122 and so on. In particular, the lack of small size, such as low-voltage Φ16mm × lmm stainless steel tube, Φ16mm × 2mm carbon steel pipe high-pressure heater, Φ25mm × 0.5mm ~ 0.7mm × 1m condenser used in stainless steel tubes or titanium tubes, etc., the basic on to rely on imports; Φ159mm ~ 1060mm above the majority of large diameter pipe to import.

2006, China’s stainless steel production reached 5.3 million tons. more than Japan, ranked first in the world. in 2006 the consumption of stainless steel 5950000 tons, while the net imports of plate and strip for 1.48 million tons. In addition to the existence of the quality of domestically produced stainless steel 200 series problems, the existence of other series have the physical quality problems. In addition to surface quality, harmful elements, corrosion, the stainless steel process performance instability the problem. Cr13 stainless steel low plasticity, Cr17 stainless steel molding poor, 400 series, nitrogen, duplex stainless steel is still in development stage, in the production and use of both the international advanced level and has significant gaps.

electrical steel is not only insufficient quantity of domestic (in 2006 imports of 950,000 tons, of which 250,000 tons oriented silicon steel), in the kind of quality there is a certain gap. abroad in order to reduce the core loss, the thickness tends to thin standardized, and improve silicon content and the use of magnetic domain refining technology, China’s production of oriented silicon steel, in addition to 0.30mm, the thinner the specifications (0.15,0.20,0.23 mm) of production there are still some difficulties. 0.30mm-oriented silicon steel of the iron loss also with the Japanese standard has some gaps.

process system optimization problems

In recent years, China’s iron and steel industry to introduce and update a large number of production equipment, the majority has reached the world advanced level. but the process system optimization problems and does not have a very best solution, to a large extent affect the quality of the product.

such as China’s high-speed wire rod mill mill regardless of quantity or level of equipment are the world’s leading. But in our country for the production of automobile tires with wire cord must also be imported (300,000 tons near the gap). Chinese-made tire cord wire for the main problem is the high rate of broken wires. The reason is that the metallurgical quality issues, including the inclusions, the center segregation and surface quality, are obviously the main smelting steel and continuous casting problem. the introduction of advanced rolling equipment, smelting process has not been system optimization, product quality is still not mentioned. foreign enterprises in order to improve the metallurgical quality of steel used to increase cross-section billet size, increase in rolling Forging processes together, the reduction to improve the organization, whereas in China there are some companies in the same varieties in the production of steel, they advocated “direct rolling billet mature.” Although this reduces the cost, but it also reduces the physical quality.< br>
plate some production enterprises to introduce the main processing equipment - mill, but in quenched and tempered and the lack of finishing systems, resulting in only the production of general species, should not the production of high value-added products. For example, the production of Pipeline Medium thick steel plate, there must be a heat treatment process, heat treatment methods have online controlled cooling after rolling, rolling after the online direct quenching, normalizing, and quenching and tempering (quenching + tempering) 4. the use of direct quenching after rolling process can produce X42 ~ X80-class pipeline with steel plate, thickness more than 50mm, especially in thick plate Pipeline specifications must be taken to direct quenching technology production. Without proper heat treatment equipment, the production of high-grade steel is impossible. At present, the domestic steel coil performance each part of the larger differences, especially the tail and other parts of the first tensile strength greater deviation; coil geometry dimensional accuracy is not enough, the general difference between the 20mm, while the imports of the actual coil tolerances within the +10 mm; the surface of the problem than many, mainly pits and scratches are pressure, many appear in the direction along the width, resulting in the tube when the user removed a large quantity of raw materials. These problems are largely process system optimization problems.

autonomous technological Innovation

independent innovation are the core competitiveness of enterprises as well as an important indicator of iron and steel power. In this respect China’s iron and steel industry achieved great success, but there are obvious difference. For example, Research and Pipeline development, some developed countries as early as the 20th century, 70’s on instead of using TMCP process hot-rolled and normalized to produce the X70 steel used in construction, while the same steel grade steel in China Development and Application of the evening than in developed countries almost almost 30 years. abroad in the X100, X120 and X130 pipeline steel in the research and development has been a tremendous breakthrough, X100 pipeline steel will be put into use immediately, and our study also fundamental in the pipeline steel X80-class stage, X100 steel few studies grade steel. in particular the original innovative products less.

a large number of plate mill in China in recent years come into production, plate production in 2006 reached 85 million tons, it is estimated that this year may be more than one hundred million tons, accounting for the total amount of steel 1 / 4. In particular, the width of 5000mm and a 5500mm plate mill will also be put into operation one after another. China’s plate output ranked first in the world. such a big production capacity not only meet the domestic building needs, but also bound to export, to participate in international competition in the market. Therefore, no longer confined to ordinary carbon steel or only a few low-alloy steel, the target must be the ship, boiler, container, oil and gas pipelines, large storage tanks, marine platform, construction machinery, bridges, power plants and construction with plate and give full play to the role of micro-alloying, and vigorously carry out product development and technological innovation.

such as research and development of large linear energy of welding steel plates along the length of changes in the direction of the thickness of the steel plate, high strength, high toughness, good weldability, anti-lamellar tearing, seismic, corrosion resistance, weather resistance, fire-resistant steel and so on, the development of ultra-low carbon bainitic steel and TMCP, RPC and direct quenching technology. quality in the development of plate varieties, it must also pay attention to the simultaneous development of supporting steel, welding materials and welding technology. In this regard, Japan’s Nippon Steel and JFE moves faster than we are, it is worth our consideration and attention.

quality management system development problems

reform, China’s iron and steel enterprise quality management from product testing model is converted to total quality management model, management level and the effect has been greatly improved. In recent years, the implementation of ISO9000 standards, quality management become more standardized. However, a considerable portion of iron and steel enterprises in the effectiveness of quality management remains problematic. unsound business standards, control measures in place, the lack of precision of the production process management, 5S and 6σ not really play a role, nonconforming product and customers have happened dissent. Some enterprises busy quality, environmental, safety three system integration, not handled properly, in a way weakened the quality management.

Powers steel from iron and steel power transition or leap in quality management plays an important role. from the identification of customer requirements to achieve customer satisfaction, we must realize the process control products, including design and development, management of procurement and production control. but a lot of iron and steel enterprises in China lack of design and development capabilities, is concerned only about individual products Trial do not attach importance to Optimize Process Systems; procurement - production - marketing has not formed a strategic supply chain; particularly in the production process control only pay attention to technical means, the lack of management measures, rarely use statistical techniques to control and management, the process is very difficult to guarantee in controlled state. Continuous Improvement little to correct the problem and prevention of awareness are relatively poor.

in order to improve product quality, lower production costs, improve the competitiveness of enterprises, realize the power of steel and bounds must be set up in line with the actual enterprise and the continuous improvement of process and product quality, performance excellence in the quality management model. (07-11-14)