World power

Jiangsu Changshu 3 Aifu Zhonghao New Chemical Materials Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “in-ho Chemical”), the August 8 is indeed considered as an auspicious day.

this day, the company’s HFC-23 (trifluoro-methane, a major greenhouse gas) Decomposition of the project, formally adopted the United Nations CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) Executive Board for registration.

This is by far the largest CDM trading emission reduction project. According to Hao Chemical signed an agreement with the World Bank, the World Bank will purchase Zhonghao Chemical in 2007 ~ 2013 years, resulting from HFC-23 emission reductions, emission reduction total of 10,437,249 tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per tonne of 6 Euro. The total transaction volume is estimated at 438 million euros. These revenues, 65% will be turned over to the Ministry of Finance, into national sustainable development fund, another 35% will belong to the owners.

According to World Bank estimates, the developed countries to purchase greenhouse gas emissions through the CDM credits demand for a year 200000000-400000000 t, the price of 6 per ton to 20 euros, even up to 25 euros peak. For developing countries, this is undoubtedly a huge commercial cake.

layers of approval

Zhonghao chemicals such as the person in charge of the project, Miss Tsai involved in the project from preparation to the application of the entire process. In an interview with her, “First Financial Daily” interview, said Zhonghao chemical in the whole transaction process, the application process, spent more than half a year.

first apply for Changshu City, Jiangsu Economic and Trade Commission project. Then, the project EIA. As the project’s peculiarities, the ho’s do two EIA. One is the environmental impact report, on November 14, 2005 to obtain EPA’s approval of Suzhou City; the other is the World Bank within the EIA, which belongs to the procedural requirements of the World Bank, has also been adopted.

Second, the project-specific declarations. Report is divided into three phases, the first step is to declare to the State Development and Reform Commission, the second step is through third-party certification, the third step is to register the Council of the United Nations CDM. Among them, the first step to declare the State Development and Reform Commission approved the shortest cycle. November 9 last year, the State Climate Office of Development and Reform Commission officially accepted the declaration of the Sino-ho chemicals, the same year, November 20 through the examination and disclosure. As of August 9, through the National Development and Reform Commission for approval of CDM project a total of 79 projects.

vetted and approved, however, does not mean that it can formally carry out the project, the real challenge lies in the second and third step, in particular certification. There are now qualified to the HFC-23 decomposition project only three third-party certification, in the ho chose a Japanese chemical company JQA.

the entire certification process included in the online surveys and project design document (PDD) for one month of the project design document for review and on-site nuclear trial.

ho-site examination include the implementation of the project’s eligibility, as well as the project emission reductions to confirm. Obtaining JQA certification report, the ho’s application for registration to the CDM Executive Board, of which there will be 4 to 6 weeks of publicity period, if no major objection to publicity, and after an internal meeting of the Council opposed to the number of not more than 3 persons, or be formally registered, the implementation of the project.

huge profits

this process is clearly a win-win deal. Policy Research Office of the Ministry of Commerce, said an expert, for the buyer, since developed countries have a higher environmental standards and technologies, companies in the country to achieve the marginal abatement costs are high, the marginal return is low. While most developing countries, due to a lower starting point for environmental protection, emission reduction costs are lower, enterprises in developed countries through CDM projects to local investment and technology transfer, will be able to obtain emission credits at a lower cost.

Japan, for example, in Japan to achieve 1 ton of carbon dioxide emissions at a cost of 54 ~ 81 U.S. dollars, while CDM projects by conducting cooperation in developing countries to achieve emission reductions, and then purchase these emission reductions, price is 10 ~ 20 euro / ton.

while the seller is, in the example of chemical-ho proved its substantial economic returns - even with only 438 million euros in the 35%, but also as high as 140 million euros of profits.

Miss Cai acknowledged that wind and other renewable energy projects, profit is not very high, only to make up some of the cost of the process of subsidy reduction. As for the easy areas, such as HFC-23 projects, the profit is indeed impressive. Currently almost all of the HFC-23 production companies have already started the operation for CDM projects.

Miss Tsai said, the country only 65% of the amount was handed over requirements, specifically, how to use the rest, there is no requirement. As long as delivery can be expected each year (emission reductions), will be able to get the funds, the United Nations CDM Executive Board, third-party validation organizations will have the use of funds do not have any oversight.

an industry calculations to reporters, such as HFC-23 abatement costs a lot of projects such as a matter of fact is not very high, businesses incineration equipment can also be purchased as a fixed asset. All costs include: equipment depreciation costs, operating expenses, personnel operating costs, fuel costs, a year 1 or 2 times a third-party certification fee. Even if the previous application process and registration costs are taken into account, but also up to more than 20 million yuan. Of course, there is every business is different, but the magnitude will not be up and down more than 10 million yuan.

China Worries CDM China CDM project

Although the total global emission reductions accounted for 37.25 percent, ranking first in the world, but the registration number of successful CDM projects is still very small.

reporter learned that, so far, the number of successful projects registered in China just over 10, far behind India (67) and Brazil (44) and other countries. As the application process complicated, and pre-operating costs high, and many unpredictable risks, most Chinese enterprises are still prohibitive.

2004 Nian 5 31, the State Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs jointly issued the “Clean Development Mechanism projects Interim Measures for Operation and Management”, (hereinafter referred to as the “Interim Procedures”), makes our country CDM project cooperation rules to follow. However, the Ministry of Commerce of the Policy Research

these experts said, China CDM project management, system design on the existence of significant deficiencies, an increase of commercial risks. For example, China CDM project review Council department in charge of the majority of the technology, but not foreign economic cooperation sector participation. CDM Project to attract foreign investment and technology transfer, in essence, an international economic and technical cooperation activities, the lack of business operations and promote the international market is not conducive to China’s CDM project cooperation bigger and stronger, but also increases the risk of trade.

In addition, he also pointed out that the face of the enormous opportunities for CDM projects, the relevant competent authorities in the “Interim Measures” after the introduction of the Enlightenment, enterprises, organizations, projects and investment promotion, supporting the lack of follow-up action. CDM projects in these sectors hold the specialized knowledge, information and channels and other resources, but did not carry out the authority, targeted investment promotion of CDM projects.

, many enterprises lost in the complicated application procedures among the result of the application but have greater uncertainty. Regardless of the outcome, Miss Tsai said the preliminary design, packaging and other expenses at least 10 million U.S. dollars. And there are the largest single investment - the United Nations CDM Executive Board registration costs 35 million dollars. If the registration can not be, the money “all failed to be implemented.”

Another vicious price competition, and intermediaries shortage problem. Europe’s average transaction price of 10 to 20 euros and up and up to 25 euros, while China is only 5 to 8 euros, the transaction prices of chemicals in ho only 6 euros. The Global Climate Change Institute, Tsinghua University Liu Deshun, deputy director, said the CDM to increase the professional intermediary, advisory bodies, is currently facing an urgent task.

Reporter: Zhao Juan

糜解链的全球温室气体排放交易

江苏常熟三爱富中昊化工新材料有限公司（以下简称“中昊化工”），8月8日确实是被视为吉祥的日子。

这一天，该公司的HFC - 23（三氟甲烷，一种主要的温室气体）项目的分解，正式通过了注册的联合国清洁发展机制（清洁发展机制）执行局。

这是迄今为止最大的CDM减排贸易项目。据郝化工签署了与世界银行，世界银行将购买协议，在2007年中昊化工〜2013年，由氟化烃造成- 23减排量，排放的10437249吨的二氧化碳占6吨当量的总排放量减少欧元。总交易额估计为四万三千八百点零零零万欧元。这些收入，65％上缴财政部纳入国家可持续发展基金，另外35％，将属于业主。

据世界银行估计，发达国家通过清洁发展机制购买信用一年200000000-400000000吨温室气体排放量的需求，在每吨20欧元6价格，甚至到25欧元的高峰。对于发展中国家来说，这无疑是一个巨大的商业蛋糕。

批准层

如在该项目负责人中昊化工，蔡小姐参与项目从准备到整个过程中的应用。她在接受采访时，“第一财经日报”采访时说，中浩在整个交易过程中的化学，应用程序的过程中，用了超过半年。

先向常熟市，江苏省经济贸易委员会项目。然后，该项目的环境影响评估。作为该项目的特殊性，该议员的做两份环境影响评估。一个是环境影响报告书于2005年11月14日，获得美国环保署苏州市批准，另一种是在环境影响评估，属于世界银行的程序要求世界银行，也已获得通过。

其次，项目的具体声明。报告分为三个阶段，第一步是声明划分为国家发展和改革委员会，第二步，通过第三方认证，第三步是登记在联合国清洁发展机制理事会。其中，第一步宣布国家发展和改革委员会核准了最短的周期。去年11月9日，国家气候发展和改革委员会办公室正式接受了中声明浩化学品，同年11月20日通过的审查和披露。截至8月9日通过国家发展和改革委员会对清洁发展机制项目有79个项目的批准。

审核通过的，然而，这并不意味着它可以正式实施项目，真正的挑战是在第二和第三步，尤其是认证。现在有资格对HFC - 23分解项目只有3个第三方认证，在浩选择了日本化工公司JQA。

在整个认证过程包括在网上调查，项目设计文件（PDD）的一对审查和现场核试验项目设计文件一个月。

浩现场检查，包括该项目的资格执行情况，以及该项目的排放量减少进行确认。获得JQA认证报告，浩的注册清洁发展机制执行理事会的申请，其中将有4至6个星期的宣传期，如果没有重大异议的宣传，经过一个理事会内部会议反对人数不3人以上，或正式注册，该项目的实施。

暴利

这个过程显然是一个双赢的协议。政策研究商务部办公室，专家说，为买方，因为发达国家有更高的环境标准和技术，在该国的公司，以实现减排边际成本高，边际收益低。虽然大多数发展中国家，由于较低的起点环保的立场，减排成本较低，发达国家的企业通过清洁发展机制项目，当地投资和技术转让，将能够获得较低的成本排放配额。

日本为例，日本的实现成本的54〜八一美元1吨二氧化碳的排放，同时通过开展清洁发展机制项目在发展中国家的合作，以实现减排，并购买这些排放量减少价格是10〜20欧元/吨。

而卖方，在化学品的例子，证明了它的浩可观的经济回报-即使只有4.38亿欧元的35％，而且也高达140万欧元的利润。

蔡小姐承认，风能等可再生能源项目，利润不高，只是弥补了成本，减少补贴过程中的一些。至于容易领域，例如HFC - 23项目，利润实在令人印象深刻。目前，几乎所有的HFC - 23生产公司已经开始为清洁发展机制项目的运作。

蔡小姐说，该国只有65％的数额交给的要求，特别是如何利用休息，没有任何规定。只要交付可以预期每年（减排），将能够获得资金，联合国CDM执行理事会，第三方验证机构将资金的使用没有任何监督。

一个行业的计算记者例如HFC，- 23减排费用，如事实上很多项目不高，企业焚化设备也可以作为固定资产购买。所有费用包括：设备折旧费用，经营费用，人员的经营成本，燃料成本，而去年1〜2次第三方认证的费用。即使以前的申请程序和登记成本考虑，也高达20多万元。当然，还有每一个企业是不同的，但幅度不会向上和向下10多万元。

中国的担忧清洁发展机制中国清洁发展机制项目

尽管全球总排放量减少百分之占37.25居世界第一，但注册成功的CDM项目数量仍然很少

。

记者了解到，到目前为止，在中国注册的只有10成功的项目，远远落后于印度（67）和巴西（44）和其他国家的数目。由于申请程序复杂，前运营成本高，许多不可预知的风险，大多数中国企业仍然望而却步。

2004念5月31日，国家发展和改革委员会，科技部和外交部联合发布了“清洁发展机制项目运行和暂行管理办法”（以下简称“暂行办法“），使我国清洁发展机制项目合作有章可循。然而，政策研究室，商务部

这些专家说，中国清洁发展机制项目管理，对存在重大缺陷，对商业风险的增加，系统设计。例如，中国清洁发展机制项目理事会审查部门在对技术的大多数指控，但不对外经济合作部门参与。清洁发展机制项目，以吸引外国投资和技术转让，实质上是一项国际经济技术合作活动，缺乏商业运作和推广国际市场，不利于中国的清洁发展机制项目合作做大做强，但同时也增加了贸易风险。

此外，他还指出，对清洁发展机制项目，有关主管部门在“暂行办法后启蒙，企业，组织，项目和投资促进引进”支持，面对的巨大商机缺乏后续行动。这些部门的清洁发展机制项目举行的专门知识，信息和渠道等资源，但没有执行的权力，有针对性的投资促进清洁发展机制项目。

，许多企业失去之间的申请结果申请手续繁复，但有较大的不确定性。无论结果如何，蔡小姐说，初步设计，包装等费用至少10万美元。而且是最大的单项投资-联合国清洁发展机制执行理事会的登记费用35万美元。如果不能注册，这些钱“，始终未能得到执行。”

另一个恶性价格竞争，和中介机构不足的问题。欧洲10至20欧元的平均交易价格和高达25欧元，而中国只有5至8欧元，在合化学品交易价格只有6欧元。全球气候变化研究所，清华大学刘德顺，副主任，他说，清洁发展机制，增加专业中介，咨询机构，目前正面临一项紧迫的任务。

记者：赵据铵
06.9.8

Tags: cdm, emission, project, projects