World power

, “Zhang Wei-New River is just one of a number of transboundary pollution disputes in microcosm.” Turning to Zhangweixin Shandong provinces in the vicinity of New River pollution problem (see September 18, “Zhang Wei New River pollution in six years, ever since inter-provincial”) and sustained attention to transboundary pollution of the Tenth CPPCC National Committee member, Professor of Physics, Huazhong University of Science Karen Yao told reporters.

9 25, reporter learned from the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2005, the environmental protection departments at all levels of public complaint cases received up to 498.8 thousand. Among these, a considerable number of cases related to transboundary pollution. “Upstream sewage, downstream crying” voice was often heard loud cries break.

multiterminal

the harmful effects of transboundary pollution of water resources management system of administrative division increased the difficulty of coordination and cooperation

pollution control in China, most of the larger rivers will be flowing through a number of administrative areas — - counties, cities and provinces. Yao Karen said: “The river upstream areas of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage discharge, tend to make people in the region downstream of the industrial and agricultural production losses, people’s health have been violated, resulting in the contradiction between the upstream and downstream regions, and even affect social stability.”

Yao Karen believes that cross-border pollution in river basins and the existing lack of coordination between the administrative division system has become China’s water environment quality leading to overall deterioration of the main factors. Water is mobile, but now the main administrative regional management of water resources. The fracture between the two is bound to create a lot of contradictions. Administrative region to limit the growth of pollution control coordination and cooperation more difficult, so that “the sewage upstream, downstream crying,” cross-border water pollution problems become intractable disease.

In recent years, governments at all levels of governance has taken a lot of cross-border pollution measures, such as comprehensive urban environmental improvement examination, the government environmental target responsibility system evaluation, environmental performance evaluation and other party and government leaders, and achieved certain results, but the transboundary pollution remains a serious problem. Reporter learned from the State Environmental Protection Administration, the National because of environmental problems caused by mass incidents also an average 29% annually.

“stop-gap measure”

lies in the establishment of a sound watershed management mechanism, and economic compensation mechanisms, the strengthening of regional environmental cooperation

Yao Karen stressed: “to solve inter-basin water pollution problem the need to fundamentally take measures to treat the head can not be a headache, Detoxification foot doctor. “

In his view, first of all, we must establish a sound river basin management mechanism. In order to increase the water environment management efforts to protect the watershed management plan goals, on the one hand to establish a strong watershed management organizations. In the concrete implementation of environmental protection measures by local governments at the same time, by the central government at the basin, especially the establishment of cross-administrative regional river basin management institutions, strengthening the central government’s macro-management; the other hand, we must establish an effective coordination mechanism to develop integrated watershed management policy and co-ordination between departments, between local governments, thereby to form a unified planning and implementation of sub-sector, law enforcement agencies responsible for supervision and inspection management system.

Second, the establishment of economic compensation mechanism to determine whether the upstream region should be financial compensation for downstream water quality standards. For example, if the water quality upstream and downstream regions at the junction of three water quality standard, then the upstream region do not have to make financial compensation; On the contrary, shall be under the pollution control costs on downstream areas to compensate. Compensation for cross-regional river pollution can be used to directly affected units and individuals, such as the relocation of water plant, crop damages, industrial process water change water, etc.; can be used for the construction and operation of wastewater treatment plant maintenance, as well as regional eco - and environmental protection activities.

Third, the strengthening of regional environmental cooperation. Through the Government’s coordination, and enhance the environmental awareness of government officials, global awareness, sources of pollution must not be moved as a means to solve environmental problems. To minimize the cost of short-term treatment to achieve optimal results option is to strengthen cooperation between administrative regions, collaborative efforts to address transboundary pollution.

sewage treatment plant into a decorative

to solve the problem of transboundary pollution, basin-wide water environment should be a high degree of security, co-ordinate the planning

addressing transboundary pollution, pollution sources must be controlled to reduce the pollutant emission volume. Experts believe that China’s current urban sewage treatment plants is still relatively small, and many of them in the completion of “sun” did not work. It also contributed to the deterioration of water quality, an important reason for cross-border pollution is serious.

China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development, “Environmental and Resource Pricing and Taxation Task Force” study that inter-provincial river basin in the treatment of municipal sewage treatment plant has a strong public goods nature of the effectiveness of sewage treatment is not limited to local, but in the entire basin. At present sewage treatment plant construction on a city-centric, without considering the need for improving the water quality basin. Market-oriented construction of a sewage treatment plant, and river basin water environment safety requirements contradict each other. China’s urban sewage treatment industry has emerged market failure, government intervention in severe shortage, affecting the realization of improved river water quality goals.

“should be the use of environmental fiscal policy and the means to change the current city-center layout of investment and construction of sewage treatment, water from the basin-wide environmental security height overall planning the construction of urban sewage treatment plants.” The China Task Force head of the Chinese People’s University, School of Environment Professor Ma Zhong, executive vice president stressed “the need to correct market failures and promote the balanced development of sewage treatment to help the underdeveloped areas to accelerate the establishment of market mechanisms. the middle and upper reaches of transboundary river basin, economic underdevelopment and poor areas, implementation of the financial funds transfer payments in support of the local municipal wastewater treatment plant construction. “

It is learned that the State Environmental Protection Administration is working with the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) signed a” Eleventh Five-Year “period the total sulfur dioxide reduction targets the responsibility of books and letters of responsibility for overall control of water pollutants. Aggregate indicators will be progressively broken down to the people’s governments at all levels to reduce the assigning tasks to enterprises.

Zhangweixin River pollution, transboundary pollution problems, is expected to be more effective oversight and resolution.

漳卫新河的跨界污染：污水上游激进只能下游安全

，“张蔚新河只是一个缩影，在跨界污染纠纷之一。”谈到在新河的污染问题，附近的漳卫山东省（见9月18日，“6年来章韦新河的污染，自从省际”），并持续地注意跨界十届全国政协委员，教授污染物理，华中理工大学姚凯伦告诉记者。

9 25，记者从国家环保总局获悉，2005年，在市民投诉的案件，各级环保部门收到的498800。其中，一涉及跨界污染的案件相当多。 “上游排污，下游哭”的声音经常听到呼喊声打破。

多端

跨界水资源的行政区划管理体制污染的有害影响，增加了协调与合作的困难

在中国污染控制，较大的河流大部分将流经一个数字行政区域- -县，市和省。铫咖妊说：“这条河上游地区的工业废水和生活污水排放量，往往使该地区的工业和农业生产损失下游人民，人民的健康受到侵犯，在与上游和下游地区的矛盾造成的，甚至影响社会稳定。“

尧咖稔认为，流域跨界污染和协调部门之间的行政系统现有的困难，已成为中国的水环境质量导致的主要因素全面恶化。水是流动的，但现在的主要行政区域的水资源管理。这两者之间的断裂势必造成很大的矛盾。行政区域限制污染控制协调和合作发展更加困难，使“上游排污，下游哭，”跨界水污染问题成为难治性疾病。

近年来，在各级政府的治理采取了很多跨边界污染的措施，如城市环境综合整治定量考核，政府环保目标责任制的评价，环境绩效评估等党和国家领导人，取得了一定成果，但越境污染问题依然严重。记者从国家环保总局，由于群体性事件所造成的环境问题，也是一个国家，平均每年29％。

“权宜之计”

在于一个健全的流域管理机制的建立，经济补偿机制，区域环境合作的加强

尧喀壬强调：“解决跨流域水质污染问题，必须采取措施，从根本上治疗头不能头痛，排毒足医生。“

他认为，首先，我们必须建立健全流域管理机制。为了提高水环境管理工作，以保护流域管理计划的目标一方面，建立一个强有力的流域管理机构。在环保措施，地方政府的具体落实，同时，中央政府在流域，尤其是建立跨行政区域的流域管理机构，加强中央政府的宏观管理，另一方面，我们必须建立一个有效的协调机制，制定流域综合管理的政策和协调部门之间的协调，地方政府之间，从而形成一个统一的规划和执行分部门，执法机构进行监督和检查管理系统负责。

第二，建立经济补偿机制，以确定是否应该上游地区对下游水质标准的经济补偿。例如，如果水环境质量的上游和下游地区在3交界处的水质标准，那么，上游地区没有作出经济赔偿，相反，应根据对下游地区的污染控制费用，以补偿。补偿跨区域河流污染可用于直接受影响的单位和个人，如自来水厂，作物损失，工业过程水的水分，等搬迁;可用于建设和维护污水处理厂运行使用，以及区域生态-和环保活动。

第三，区域环境合作的加强。通过政府的协调，提高政府官员，全球意识，环境意识污染源不应移动作为一种手段来解决环境问题。为了尽量减少短期治疗费用，以达到最佳效果的选择，是加强行政区域之间的协作努力解决跨界污染的合作。

污水处理厂，装饰

解决跨界污染，流域的问题全水环境应该是安全的高度，统筹规划

处理跨界污染，污染源必须加以控制，以减少污染物排放量。专家认为，中国目前的城市污水处理厂还比较低，许多在“太阳”完成的人没有工作。它还促进了水质，一个重要原因，恶化两岸跨境污染严重。

中国国际合作委员会环境与发展，“环境和资源定价与税收工作队”的研究，跨省流域的城市污水处理厂处理具有很强的公众对污水的成效货物的性质治疗不仅限于当地，而且在整个流域。目前，污水处理厂的城市建设为中心，而不考虑改善流域水质的需要。市场的污水处理厂化建设和流域水环境安全的规定相互矛盾。中国城市污水处理行业已经出现市场失灵，在政府干预的严重短缺，影响了河流水质改善目标的实现。

“应该是环境财政政策的使用和手段，以改变目前城市中心的投资和污水处理，水利建设布局从流域范围内的环境安全的高度统筹规划城市污水处理厂建设。“在中国工作组组长的中国人民大学，环境马中教授，执行副总裁学校强调“需要纠正市场失灵，推动污水处理均衡发展，帮助欠发达地区加快市场机制的建立。在跨界河流流域，经济不发达和贫困地区，财政资金的使用和转移中上游，在当地城市污水处理厂建设的抚养费。“

据悉，国家环保总局的工作与各省（自治区，直辖市）签署了“十一五”期间二氧化硫总量削减目标责任书，并为水污染物总量控制责任书。总量指标将逐步分解到各级人民政府，减少任务落实到企业。

漳卫新河污染，跨界污染问题，可望更有效的监督和解决。06.9.26

Tags: environmental, pollution, sewage, water