World power

building “water-saving society”

even though the prospect is not optimistic, but some cities have begun efforts to reduce water consumption. Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao and other places to build a number of municipal wastewater reclamation demonstration project for the promotion of renewable water in the country laid the foundation.

the vice-minister said, “if they could strengthen water-saving measures, and at least for the present Chinese urban water 1 / 3 of a better re-use, then the new supply could be equivalent to the total amount of water newly built canal.”

“To fundamentally solve the water crisis problem, we must vigorously promote water conservation, continuously improve the efficiency and effectiveness of water use and build ‘water-saving society’, which is to protect China’s economic and social sustainable development in the inevitable choice.” minister Wang Shucheng said.

He explained that “water-saving society” and often spoke of “water”, both with each other and there are big differences. “They are intended to improve water use efficiency and effectiveness, which is their common features; but want to see, the traditional water conservation, more emphasis on water conservation projects, facilities, equipment and technology and other measures, mainly through administrative means to promote; while water-saving water-saving society, primarily through institutional building, focusing on the transformation of production relations, mainly economic means to form a water-saving mechanism. “In his view, through the transformation of production relations and further promote economic growth mode change, promote the whole society to move towards a resource-saving and environment-friendly path. “The system of the building water-saving society is the whole society to solve the power-saving and water-saving mechanism.”

According to “building a water-saving society” of this goal will be achieved mainly by a few steps. First, the initial clarity of water rights: In China, ownership of the water belong to the state, the Central Government under statutory procedures to initialize and clear water rights through the water the right to use in some way the right to use the water to give to each area, departments and units.

“but also to determine the total water resources in the macro-and micro-scale two sets of indicators.” according to Minister Wang saying, water system of macro-aggregates are used to identify all regions and businesses, and even units, enterprises, the irrigation area of water use rights indicators; water resources, micro-scale index system used to define the amount of water used per unit of product or service targets.

parties will be a combination of legal, engineering, economic, administrative, scientific, technological and other measures to ensure the implementation of water control targets. And “pay special attention to use of economic instruments, the most important thing is to formulate a scientific and rational water pricing policies, such as ultra-use increases, saving prizes, transfer fee and so on, give full play to the price leverage to promote water conservation.” Wang said.

Correspondingly, the authorities are gradually raise water prices to encourage conservation and subsidies for water treatment costs. “The government will raise the price of industrial water, for the first enterprises that discharge treated water concessions.” Disclosure of the vice-minister, said the new water pricing policy will be implemented late this year or early next year.

“We need to develop water rights trading market, the transfer of water rights can be paid in order to achieve efficient allocation of water resources.” According to Wang Shucheng the Minister on, taking up water rights of others, need to pay; the contrary, the transfer of water rights, you can return . “Through water rights trading market in the compensatory transfer of water rights, both buyers and sellers will take into account water-saving society is to mobilize the enthusiasm of water, water will flow to the use of efficient and effective areas.”

He also said that the building water-saving society to encourage the broad participation of the public in various ways, allowing stakeholders to participate fully in policy formulation and implementation of processes, such as the establishment of water user associations, participation in water rights, water distribution, management, monitoring and water pricing development.

“water-saving society the main task is to establish three major system.” Wang Shucheng was concluded that, to establish a water rights management of water resources management system as the core system; the establishment and coordination of regional water resources carrying capacity of the economic structure of system; the establishment and optimal allocation of water resources suited to water-saving engineering and technical systems.

the idea of building water-saving society, has been the concern of many people and appreciation. To Beijing to attend the World Water Congress of the large number of representatives believe that China’s water crisis planning and practices to address many problems of its own, but in the next few decades, China will imply sewage, water supply and regeneration of water treatment and operation of large market, which is the industry globally unique business opportunities. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Beijing Office of the Freshwater Program Director Dr. Li Lifeng view, China needs to learn from foreign experiences and lessons learned, based on fundamentally changing the traditional Chinese to engineering-oriented water resources management and use patterns, the clean production and implement the construction of water-saving society, and make full use of the ecological system, water conservation, water purification, flood storage and other service functions to solve China’s water problems. “Water should focus on the problem to warn people of the protection of nature, because nature is the source of water.”

“The next 15 years will be the construction of water-saving society in China a crucial period.” Wang Shucheng said that by 2010, water use efficiency and effectiveness will be significantly higher yuan (RMB) GDP average annual water consumption by 6% or more; the National Agricultural irrigation water and effective utilization coefficient from 0.45 to 0.5, the National Agricultural irrigation water to basically achieve zero growth; million in value-added industrial water consumption down to 120 cubic meters from 173 cubic meters less; services over the same period water use efficiency is close to international advanced level. (Tang Yuan-Kai)

促进水资源的循环：与面临的紧迫任务的人

建设“节水型社会”

尽管前景并不乐观，但一些城市已开始努力，以减少用水量。北京，天津，青岛等地建立了再生水在国内推广一批城市污水再生示范项目数量奠定了基础。

副部长说，“如果他们能够加强节水措施，并至少在目前中国城市用水的1 / 3更好的再利用，那么新的供应可能会相当于新水总量建成运河。“

“要从根本上解决水危机的问题，我们必须大力推进节约用水，不断提高用水效率和使用效益，建设’节水型社会’，这是保障的必然选择，中国的经济和社会可持续发展。 “部长汪恕诚说。

他解释说，“节水型社会”，往往以“水”既相互之间存在很大的分歧。 “他们的目的是提高水的利用效率和效益，这是他们的共同特点，但希望看到主要通过行政手段，传统的水资源保护，更加重视水资源保护项目，设施，设备和技术及其他措施，以促进;而节水型用水主要是通过制度建设节约型社会，对生产关系的变革为重点，主要是经济手段，形成节水机制。“他认为，通过生产关系的变革，进一步促进经济增长模式的改变，推动整个社会走上资源节约型和环境友好的道路。 “这个系统的建设节水型社会，是全社会解决节能和节水机制。”

根据“建设节水型社会这一目标”的实现，主要是通过几个步骤。首先，初始水权明晰：在中国，水的所有权属于国家，是根据法定程序，中央政府通过初始化和清除水权水的使用权以某种方式使用权的水给予每个地区，部门和单位。

“，还确定了宏观的水资源总量和微观两个规模指标集。”据王部长说，水的宏观系统总量是用来确定各地区和企业，甚至单位，企业，水的使用权指标灌区，水资源，微观尺度指标体系用来定义金额水占产品或服务的单位使用的目标。

各方将成为法律，工程，经济，行政，科学，技术和其他措施，以确保水质控制目标的实施相结合。 “要特别注意运用经济手段，最重要的是要制定科学合理的水价政策，如超用加价，节约奖励，转让费用等，充分发挥价格杠杆促进节约用水。“王说。

相应地，当局正在逐步提高水价，以鼓励对水资源的保护和治疗费用的补贴。 “政府将提高企业的第一个工业用水的价格，即排放处理的水的让步。”披露的副部长说，新的水价政策的实施将在今年年底或明年年初。

说：“我们需要开发水权交易市场，水权的转让可以支付，以实现水资源的有效配置。”据汪书铖的部长，占用他人的水权，需要支付，相反，水权的转让，您可以返回。 “通过水权水权有偿转让，买卖双方交易市场，将考虑到节水型社会是调动积极性的水，水就会流的高效率和有效的地区使用。”

他还表示，建设节水型社会，鼓励市民以各种方式广泛参与，使利益相关者参与政策的制订和执行的过程中，充分例如水用户协会，参与水权的设立，水的分配，管理，监督和水价的发展。

“节水型社会的主要任务是建立三大体系。”汪书城得出的结论是，建立为核心的水权制度的水资源管理系统的管理;的建立和区域水资源承载了系统资源，经济结构协调能力，建立和水资源优化配置相适应的水节水工程和技术系统。

建设用水观念，节约型社会，一直是很多人的关注和赞赏。到北京参加世界水大会的许多代表认为，中国的水危机的规划和实践，解决自己的许多问题，但在未来几十年，中国将意味着污水处理，供水和水的处理和再生大市场运作，这是产业全球独特的商业机会。世界自然基金会（WWF）的北京的淡水课程主任黎哩风博士认为办公室，中国需要借鉴国外的经验和教训，就从根本上改变传统的工程化管理和水资源利用模式的基础，清洁生产和落实建设节水型社会，使生态系统的充分利用，节约用水，水净化，蓄洪和其他服务功能，以解决中国的水问题。 “水应侧重于问题的警告保护自然的人，因为大自然是水的源泉。”

说：“未来15年将是建设节水型社会，在中国一个关键时期。”汪恕诚说，到2010年，水的利用效率和效益将显着高于人民币6％或以上（人民币）国内生产总值年均用水量;全国农业灌溉用水和有效利用系数0.45到0.5，全国农业灌溉用水基本实现零增长，以价值百万增值的173立方米工业用水较少的一百二十零立方米量;同期的水分利用效率的服务接近国际先进水平。 （唐元恺）06.9.14